Distribution of electric currents



(No Model.,

I. KITSEE. DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC GURRENTS.

Patented Mar. 31, 1896.

Witnesses cw ale 0 Inyemor.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISIDOR KITSEE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 557,398, dated March 31, 1896. Application filed September 16, 1895. Serial No. 562,680. No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, ISID OR KITSEE, of Philadelphia, Philadelphia county, Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Distribution of Electric Currents, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the distribution of electric currents, and more especially of alternating currents employing converters at or n ear the consuming-station.

The greatest advantage in the employment of alternating currents lies in the fact that currents of high tension and small quantity are transmitted and at the point of consumption with the aid of converters changed into currents of necessary low tension and large amperage, and the greatest drawback in the employment of such currents and converting devices lies in the fact that the converters consume a comparatively high percentage of current even if unemployed, and the waste of energy is therefore out of proportion in such cases where the employment varies or lasts only a few hours a day. To obviate this disadvantage and to minimize the losses of current in the converters are the objects of my invention.

The underlying principle of my invention is the employment of resistances varying with the varying need of current.

In the drawings two variations of my method are illustrated.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of my invention, in which the variable resistances are placed at the consuming devices, each of which is provided with an individual part of the resistance. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic View of my invention, in which the automatic varying resistance is placed as a unit at a station more or less remote from the consuming device itself. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing the connection of an incandescent lamp to a circuit employing my invention, as illustrated in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 1, D is the dynamo or other generator of electric energy. \V and W are the main wires carrying the current. P Pare the primaries of the converting devices, of which S S are the secondaries. The primaries P P,

instead of being connected directly to wires IV IV, have in their circuit the resistances R The current therefore flowing, say from TV through P to encounters also the resistance R. Such resistance can be made high or low as suits best each individual case.

It is best to so adjust the resistances R as to be the sum of all the small resistances r placed in the consuming-circuit of the secondaries S S of the particular converter.

The connections and the medals opcv'cmdi of the consuming device, as illustrated in detail in Fig. 3, are as follows: From the secondaries emanate wires w and w and connect with the lamps L. \Vire 112 emanates from the point where resistance R meets wire W and is carried to the points where the consuming device is placed in the circuit 10 w. A resistance is then placed in the circuit formed by wires w 10 The path of the primary current, which formerly was only from TV through P and high resistance R to W, is now augmented by the path IV through P, through Wire to, resistance r and Wire 10 and as the re sistance of each individual resistance r can be so regulated as to allow the flow only of such amount of electric energy as is necessary to produce the desired effect in secondary S it is obvious that with the opening or closing of the switch or key at each of the consuming devices the fiow of the current will be de creased or increased not only, but also decreased or increased just in the proportion necessary to feed the lamps L or other consuming device placed in the circuit.

In Fig. 2, D is the generator of electric energy; \V and IV, the circuit-wires; P, the primaries, and S the secondaries of the converting device; R, the main resistance placed in the circuit between P and \V, and L the consuming devices. The wire w is not, as in Fig. 1, connected to both the primary and secondary of the converter, but to the secondary only, the wire w being connected, as before, to the secondary only. The wire 11: emanates, as before, at the point where R and \V meet. The individual resistances r r r are not placed at the consuming devices, but are placed near a device which is capable of short-circuiting the same. This device is placed in the circuit of wire 10 and consists of the core F, around which or around part of which the coilEis wound. It also consists of the movable soft-iron core 13, held preferably by spring G at a prearranged position.

The action of the device and through such action the flow of the current will be as follows: Normally, with all the consuming devices unemployed, the fiow of the current from IV through P and R to WV will be sufficient only to induce in the secondary S energy sulficient for one lamp. The flow of the induced current through to 10 will actuate the device A placed in .series of w in such a manner that the core B will be pulled downward. At prearranged intervals metallic contact-points c c c c are placed in the core F in such manner that they protrude 011 the inner side of F. These contact-points are the terminals of the small resistances 1" r r. The core 13 is provided with a contact-plate I. Normally, if core 13 is not depressed, all the resistances 0' r r are in the circuit; but when through the closing of one of the c011- suming devices L a circuit is established in w w the core 13 will move downward and the contact plate I come in contact with points 0 and c at the same time, thereby shortcircuiting the first resistance 0", whereby a less resistance is oitered to the flow of the current in primary P, and so on till all consuming devices are closed, thereby proportioning the flow of the current through P.

In Fig. 3 the consuming device to the right is shown open and that to left closed. 20 w are the wires corresponding to the same wires in Fig. 1; points a a a a, the points of connection; C, the filament of an incandescent lamp, and r the resistance. As illustrated, one terminal of O is permanently connected through point a to a wire leading from w, the other terminal of C terminating in point a. In juxtaposition are point a being the terminal of a wire leading from w, and point a the terminal of resistance r. In the figure to the left these points a a a are connected together through switch-plate 1).

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The method of distributing electrical energy which consists in providing the translating or consuming circuit of a converting device with resistances placed in a shunt-circuit to a resistance opposing the flow of the current in the primary of said converting device and automatically short-circuiting or cutting out the same through the active employment of the consuming devices placed in said circuit.

2. The method of distributing electrical energy which consists in normally opposing the flow of the current in the primary of a converter with the aid of a comparatively high resistance, and then varying according to the varying need of the consuming devices placed in the secondary of said converter, the flow of the current in said primary through individual and comparatively small resistances.

3. A system of electrical distribution consisting of a generator of alternating currents, a current-carryin g circuit, a converter or converters, the primaries of which are connected through comparatively large resistances,a circuit or circuits shunting through smaller resistances said large resistance, said last-named smaller resistances being normally, when no consuming device is in activity electrically disconnected from one of the shunt-wires, in combination with consuming devices placed in the secondary circuit of said converter, the mechanism of the consuming devices also controlling the smaller resistances.

at. In a system of electrical distribution a rheostat of high resistance placed in series with the primary of a converter connected to a currentcarrying circuit in combination with individual resistances placed in a circuit shunting said high resistance and a control ling device or devices placed in conjunction with or in circuit to consuming devices connected to the secondary of said converter.

5. In a system of electrical distribution a generator of alternating currents, a currentcarrying circuit, converters, the primaries of which are connected through resistances to the current-carrying circuit, consuming devices connected through one conductor to one of the terminals of the secondaries, and through a second conductor to the other terminal of the secondaries and also to the point where the primaries are connected to the resistances and a third conductor forming with the second-named conductor a shunt-circuit around said resistance or resistances in combination with consuming devices placed in the circuit formed by the two first-named conductors and small resistances placed in the circuit formed of the second and third named conductor.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 12th day of September, A. D. 1895.

ISIDOR KITSEE. l'Vitnesscs:

WALLAcE B. ELDRrDoE, RICHARD M. POPHAM. 

